Monday, April 2, 2007
On the Hidden Workings of Nature
Here's a link to my translation of this rarely read and only once translated "opusculum" in an html file with Latin-English facing columns. Exceptions with the "Busa" edition are noted.
Wednesday, March 21, 2007
Dedication of the Catena on St. Mark
Dedication of the Catena on Saint Mark's Gospel
To the Reverend Father in Christ, Lord Hannibald, venerable Cardinal Priest of the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles, brother Thomas from Aquino, of the order of the brother preachers, with all sincerity.
God the creator of all, bringing the universe into existence solely by the contemplation of His own goodness, imbued all creatures with a natural love of the good, so that, in the natural love and desire that each and everything has for the good that fits its own nature, there would be a wonderful turning round that guides the creature back to its creator. But rational nature is superior to others in this regard, since through wisdom it can peer into the universal source itself of goodness, and through the love of charity taste its sweetness. Thus the good of wisdom, by which we approach the very source of goodness, is preferred to all human goods in the judgment of right reason.
This is indeed what the proud do not understand: that whoever eats it still hungers, and whoever drinks it, never ceases from thirsting [cf Sirach 24:29; Summa Th. 1a2ae q.2 a.1 ad3]. This wisdom is so repugnant to sin that whoever acts in accord with it does not sin. It generously bestows an unfailing fruit to one's ministries, such that those who teach it possess eternal life. It excels all pleasures in its sweetness, all positions of power in its fastness, and all the riches of the world in its usefulness.
Therefore, having been captivated by the gifts of this evangelical wisdom that was once hidden from the world in mystery but now brought into light by the incarnated Wisdom of God, I have exercised the ministry of commentary by compiling the thoughts of the holy doctors. It was the command of Pope Urban IV, of happy memory, that first induced me to undertake this. But when the Supreme Pontiff was taken away from this life, the three Gospels of Mark, Luke and John still needed commenting.
And so, lest negligence leave unfinished the work that obedience began, with a great deal of work and diligence I made sure I completed the commentary on the four Gospels, preserving the same format as before with the arrangement of the saints' opinions and their designation. Moreover, so that the whole commentary of the saints would have a greater integrity and continuity, I have had certain commentaries of the Greek doctors translated into Latin, and these I have inserted with the names of the authors among the commentaries of the Latin doctors.
Thus, since it is fitting that from the fruits of labor oblations are offered to the priests, I have resolved to offer this work of evangelical commentary, this fruit of my labor, to the priest of the Apostles. May your dignity receive in it only what is proper, and thus may the zeal of one who is wise wield the incisiveness of judgment, and the fondness from of old find the affection of love in the gift of the one who offers.
To the Reverend Father in Christ, Lord Hannibald, venerable Cardinal Priest of the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles, brother Thomas from Aquino, of the order of the brother preachers, with all sincerity.
God the creator of all, bringing the universe into existence solely by the contemplation of His own goodness, imbued all creatures with a natural love of the good, so that, in the natural love and desire that each and everything has for the good that fits its own nature, there would be a wonderful turning round that guides the creature back to its creator. But rational nature is superior to others in this regard, since through wisdom it can peer into the universal source itself of goodness, and through the love of charity taste its sweetness. Thus the good of wisdom, by which we approach the very source of goodness, is preferred to all human goods in the judgment of right reason.
This is indeed what the proud do not understand: that whoever eats it still hungers, and whoever drinks it, never ceases from thirsting [cf Sirach 24:29; Summa Th. 1a2ae q.2 a.1 ad3]. This wisdom is so repugnant to sin that whoever acts in accord with it does not sin. It generously bestows an unfailing fruit to one's ministries, such that those who teach it possess eternal life. It excels all pleasures in its sweetness, all positions of power in its fastness, and all the riches of the world in its usefulness.
Therefore, having been captivated by the gifts of this evangelical wisdom that was once hidden from the world in mystery but now brought into light by the incarnated Wisdom of God, I have exercised the ministry of commentary by compiling the thoughts of the holy doctors. It was the command of Pope Urban IV, of happy memory, that first induced me to undertake this. But when the Supreme Pontiff was taken away from this life, the three Gospels of Mark, Luke and John still needed commenting.
And so, lest negligence leave unfinished the work that obedience began, with a great deal of work and diligence I made sure I completed the commentary on the four Gospels, preserving the same format as before with the arrangement of the saints' opinions and their designation. Moreover, so that the whole commentary of the saints would have a greater integrity and continuity, I have had certain commentaries of the Greek doctors translated into Latin, and these I have inserted with the names of the authors among the commentaries of the Latin doctors.
Thus, since it is fitting that from the fruits of labor oblations are offered to the priests, I have resolved to offer this work of evangelical commentary, this fruit of my labor, to the priest of the Apostles. May your dignity receive in it only what is proper, and thus may the zeal of one who is wise wield the incisiveness of judgment, and the fondness from of old find the affection of love in the gift of the one who offers.
Saturday, March 17, 2007
Dedicatory Letter to the Catena on St. Matthew
Dedication
The Catena on Matthew: To the most holy and reverend Father, Lord Urban IV, by divine providence Pope, Brother Thomas of Aquino, of the Order of the Preaching Brethren, with devout reverence: kisses for the blessed feet.
The font of wisdom, the only-begotten Word of God presiding in the highest, through Whom the Father wisely makes and sweetly orders the universe, wished in the end times to take on flesh and so clothed Himself in human nature. Thus, human understanding could look upon the splendor of Him Whom in the loftiness of the divine majesty it could never hope to attain. Indeed he spread out His rays, that is, the tokens of His wisdom, upon all the works that He created. But, bestowing an even greater privilege, He impressed upon men's souls His very own image. And still more, because of His overflowing kindness, He tenderly perfected His image in the hearts of those who love Him.
But what is man's soul in such an immense creation: can it perfectly comprehend the traces of the divine wisdom? Indeed the light of wisdom infused in men has been overshadowed by the darkness of sin and the bonds of worldly concerns. And so the hearts of many have become foolish and dark, and they turn from the glory of God to a hollow idol. Such people do what is indecent, falling into a depraved way of thinking. But the divine wisdom, which made man as His own joy, would not let him continue to be deprived of Himself. He thus joined Himself entirely to human nature, and by means of this marvelous union He would call man back entirely to Himself.
The brilliance of this Wisdom, clothed with the veil of mortality, was merited to be seen through faith by the first prince of the Apostles, who confessed it firmly, without error and fully, saying You are the Christ, the son of the living God. O blessed confession, revealed not by flesh and blood, but by the heavenly Father! It established the Church on earth, opened the way to heaven, merited the forgiveness of sins, and against it the gates of Hell would never prevail.
Of this faith and confession, you are the legitimate heir, most holy father. By a pious zeal your mind keeps constant watch so that the light of this wisdom may be poured out upon the hearts of the faithful and refute heretical ravings, designed, as they are, at the gates of Hell. If indeed, as Plato thought, a republic should be counted happy whose rulers happen to care about wisdom, and especially that wisdom that the imbecility of human intellect often pollutes with error, how much more happy will the Christian people be to the extent that they come under your rule, where with so much love you exercise care over that most excellent wisdom, which the Wisdom of God, clothed with flesh and bones, taught in speech and demonstrated in deeds?
And since, by the zeal of this same love, it pleased Your Holiness that I put together a commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, and having sought to do this as best I could, I have compiled a continuous commentary on the Gospel from various books of the doctors. With some brief passages of certain authors, taken from the most part from the Glosses, I have given the title "Gloss" in order to set them apart from the rest. But in the passages from the holy doctors themselves, I have taken pains to give both the author's name and the title of the book from which the passage is taken. But I omit the titles when the passages are taken from books or commentaries specifically on this Gospel. For example, where only the name of Jerome is given without mention of a book, it means that this is from his commentary on Matthew, and likewise with other authors. With the case of Chrysostom, however, when the passage is from his commentary on Matthew we will add "On Matthew" in order to distinguish it from his comments taken from his homilies.
Now in selecting these testimonies of the saints, it has often been necessary to edit them both to avoid prolixity and to make the sense more manifest, or sometimes I have had to change the order of a line for the sake of making an overall coherent commentary. I have even sometimes had to assume the meaning and delete words, especially with the homilies of Chrysostom, on account of a defective translation. But it was my intention in this work not only to convey the literal sense but also the mystical, as well as to refute errors and confirm Catholic truth.
Now all this seemed necessary since in the Gospel above all is handed down the form of the Catholic faith and the whole rule of Christian life. Thus the present work should in no way seem wordy to anyone. For it would have been impossible for me to have accomplished all this without editing and to have brought forward all these sayings of the saints without having been on constant watch to be brief.
And so, leaving it to your judgment to discern the good and correct the bad, I ask your holiness to accept this present work, the fruit of your solicitude and of my obedience. Thus since yours is the request and yours the final judgment, unto the place from whence the rivers come, they return.
The Catena on Matthew: To the most holy and reverend Father, Lord Urban IV, by divine providence Pope, Brother Thomas of Aquino, of the Order of the Preaching Brethren, with devout reverence: kisses for the blessed feet.
The font of wisdom, the only-begotten Word of God presiding in the highest, through Whom the Father wisely makes and sweetly orders the universe, wished in the end times to take on flesh and so clothed Himself in human nature. Thus, human understanding could look upon the splendor of Him Whom in the loftiness of the divine majesty it could never hope to attain. Indeed he spread out His rays, that is, the tokens of His wisdom, upon all the works that He created. But, bestowing an even greater privilege, He impressed upon men's souls His very own image. And still more, because of His overflowing kindness, He tenderly perfected His image in the hearts of those who love Him.
But what is man's soul in such an immense creation: can it perfectly comprehend the traces of the divine wisdom? Indeed the light of wisdom infused in men has been overshadowed by the darkness of sin and the bonds of worldly concerns. And so the hearts of many have become foolish and dark, and they turn from the glory of God to a hollow idol. Such people do what is indecent, falling into a depraved way of thinking. But the divine wisdom, which made man as His own joy, would not let him continue to be deprived of Himself. He thus joined Himself entirely to human nature, and by means of this marvelous union He would call man back entirely to Himself.
The brilliance of this Wisdom, clothed with the veil of mortality, was merited to be seen through faith by the first prince of the Apostles, who confessed it firmly, without error and fully, saying You are the Christ, the son of the living God. O blessed confession, revealed not by flesh and blood, but by the heavenly Father! It established the Church on earth, opened the way to heaven, merited the forgiveness of sins, and against it the gates of Hell would never prevail.
Of this faith and confession, you are the legitimate heir, most holy father. By a pious zeal your mind keeps constant watch so that the light of this wisdom may be poured out upon the hearts of the faithful and refute heretical ravings, designed, as they are, at the gates of Hell. If indeed, as Plato thought, a republic should be counted happy whose rulers happen to care about wisdom, and especially that wisdom that the imbecility of human intellect often pollutes with error, how much more happy will the Christian people be to the extent that they come under your rule, where with so much love you exercise care over that most excellent wisdom, which the Wisdom of God, clothed with flesh and bones, taught in speech and demonstrated in deeds?
And since, by the zeal of this same love, it pleased Your Holiness that I put together a commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, and having sought to do this as best I could, I have compiled a continuous commentary on the Gospel from various books of the doctors. With some brief passages of certain authors, taken from the most part from the Glosses, I have given the title "Gloss" in order to set them apart from the rest. But in the passages from the holy doctors themselves, I have taken pains to give both the author's name and the title of the book from which the passage is taken. But I omit the titles when the passages are taken from books or commentaries specifically on this Gospel. For example, where only the name of Jerome is given without mention of a book, it means that this is from his commentary on Matthew, and likewise with other authors. With the case of Chrysostom, however, when the passage is from his commentary on Matthew we will add "On Matthew" in order to distinguish it from his comments taken from his homilies.
Now in selecting these testimonies of the saints, it has often been necessary to edit them both to avoid prolixity and to make the sense more manifest, or sometimes I have had to change the order of a line for the sake of making an overall coherent commentary. I have even sometimes had to assume the meaning and delete words, especially with the homilies of Chrysostom, on account of a defective translation. But it was my intention in this work not only to convey the literal sense but also the mystical, as well as to refute errors and confirm Catholic truth.
Now all this seemed necessary since in the Gospel above all is handed down the form of the Catholic faith and the whole rule of Christian life. Thus the present work should in no way seem wordy to anyone. For it would have been impossible for me to have accomplished all this without editing and to have brought forward all these sayings of the saints without having been on constant watch to be brief.
And so, leaving it to your judgment to discern the good and correct the bad, I ask your holiness to accept this present work, the fruit of your solicitude and of my obedience. Thus since yours is the request and yours the final judgment, unto the place from whence the rivers come, they return.
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